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IMBeR IPO-China newsletter
Your news from the Integrated Marine Biosphere Research International Project Office - China
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Projected ocean temperatures impair
key proteins used in vision of octopus hatchlings
预估的海洋温度会损害章鱼幼体视觉中使用的关键蛋白质
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Authors: Qiaz Q. H. Hua, Dietmar Kültz, Kathryn Wiltshire, Zoe A. Doubleday, and Bronwyn M. Gillanders
Journal: Global Change Biology
Global warming is one of the most significant and widespread effects of climate change. While early life stages are particularly vulnerable to increasing temperatures, little is known about the molecular processes that underpin their capacity to adapt to temperature change during early development. Using a quantitative proteomics approach, we investigated the effects of thermal stress on octopus embryos. We exposed Octopus berrima embryos to different temperature treatments (control 19°C, current summer temperature 22°C, or future projected summer temperature 25°C) until hatching. By comparing their protein expression levels, we found that future projected temperatures significantly reduced levels of key eye proteins such as S-crystallin and retinol dehydrogenase 12, suggesting the embryonic octopuses had impaired vision at elevated temperature. We also found that this was coupled with a cellular stress response that included a significant elevation of proteins involved in molecular chaperoning and redox regulation. Energy resources were also redirected away from non-essential processes such as growth and digestion. These findings, taken together with the high embryonic mortality observed under the highest temperature, identify critical physiological functions of embryonic octopuses that may be impaired under future warming conditions. Our findings demonstrate the severity of the thermal impacts on the early life stages of octopuses as demonstrated by quantitative proteome changes that affect vision, protein chaperoning, redox regulation and energy metabolism as critical physiological functions that underlie the responses to thermal stress.
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Fig. 1 Heat map of significantly reduced protein levels across different thermal conditions. Similar proteins were significantly downregulated under future temperatures (in bold) when compared to control (left) and current (right) temperatures (adjusted p<.05 in MSstats). Proteins are grouped according to their key functions which are labelled on the right of the heat map. Fold change values are shown as absolute values and labelled for each protein and treatment for ease of comparison. Grey bars refer to non-significant changes for the protein in that treatment. | |
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长期变暖和热浪对海洋物种的影响已得到充分证明；然而，极端低温事件的影响却鲜为人知。本文将81个物种的生物死亡与阿古拉斯海流中一次较强的冷上升流事件联系起来，并展示了阿古拉斯海流和东澳大利亚洋流中上升流频率增加和强度增大的趋势。通过使用电子监控，本文展示了上升流事件对公牛真鲨运动行为的潜在影响，包括改变其迁徙模式和在通过上升流区域时保持较浅的潜水深度。上升流的增加可能导致“诱导转向”现象，即气候变化扩大了亚热带物种的分布范围，同时也使其在向极分布的极限地带面临更大的“冷致死“事件风险。本文展示了低温事件增加的潜在影响，这是气候变化研究中一个尚未得到充分研究的方面，并强调了气候变化对海洋生态系统影响的复杂性。
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（实习生张郑颖编译）
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Evolution of bioluminescence in Anthozoa with emphasis on Octocorallia
以八放珊瑚为重要研究对象探究珊瑚虫生物发光的演化
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Authors: Danielle M. DeLeo, Manabu Bessho-Uehara, Steven H.D. Haddock, Catherine S. McFadden, and Andrea M. Quattrini
Journal: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Bioluminescence is a widespread phenomenon that has evolved multiple times across the tree of life, converging among diverse fauna and habitat types. The ubiquity of bioluminescence, particularly in marine environments where it is commonly used for communication and defense, highlights the adaptive value of this trait, though the evolutionary origins and timing of emergence remain elusive for a majority of luminous organisms. Anthozoan cnidarians are a diverse group of animals with numerous bioluminescent species found throughout the world's oceans, from shallow waters to the light-limited deep sea where bioluminescence is particularly prominent. This study documents the presence of bioluminescent Anthozoa across depth and explores the diversity and evolutionary origins of bioluminescence among Octocorallia—a major anthozoan group of marine luminous organisms. Using a phylogenomic approach and ancestral state reconstruction, we provide evidence for a single origin of bioluminescence in Octocorallia and infer the age of occurrence to around the Cambrian era, approximately 540 Ma—setting a new record for the earliest timing of emergence of bioluminescence in the marine environment. Our results further suggest this trait was largely maintained in descendants of a deep-water ancestor and bioluminescent capabilities may have facilitated anthozoan diversification in the deep sea.
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|  | Fig. 4 Phylogeny of Anthozoa with bioluminescent states and depth ranges. Time-calibrated tree adapted from Quattrini et al. (2020) based on UCE data, with names updated based on taxonomic revisions to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) or updated octocoral classifications from McFadden et al. (2022). Classes are colour coded (dark grey bars, Octocorallia; light grey bars, Hexacorallia) and orders are indicated (Ce, Ceriantharia; Co, Corallimorpharia; R, Relicanthus). Medusozoan (Me) outgroup is indicated in white. Taxon branches are colour-coded based on known genus-level depth ranges (green, shallow < 200 m; purple, deep > 200 m; blue, shallow/deep range spans both). Yellow circle indicates the estimated divergence point for Octocorallia. Asterisk indicates that bioluminescence has been documented in a closely related species. | |
生物发光是一种广泛存在的现象，在生命之树上已经演化了多次，在不同的动物群和生境类型中趋于一致。生物发光无处不在，尤其是在海洋环境中，生物发光通常被用于交流和防御，突显了这一特性的适应性价值，尽管多数发光生物的进化起源和出现时间仍然难以确定。刺细胞动物门珊瑚虫纲是一个多样化的动物群体，其生物发光物种遍布世界各大洋，从浅海到光照受限、生物发光现象尤为突出的深海。本研究记录了不同深度生物发光珊瑚虫的存在，并探讨了八放珊瑚——一种主要的海洋发光生物的多样性和进化起源。利用系统基因组学方法和祖先性状重建，本文提供了八放珊瑚生物发光单一起源的证据，并推断出其发生年龄大约在寒武纪，约540 Ma，创下了海洋环境中生物发光最早出现时间的新记录。本文结果进一步表明，这一特征在深海祖先的后代中被很大程度上保留了下来，并且生物发光能力可能促进了深海中珊瑚虫的多样化。
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（实习生郑好编译）
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Selective social interactions and
speed-induced leadership in schooling fish
集群鱼类中的选择性社会交互和速度诱导的领导力
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Authors: Andreu Puy, Elisabet Gimeno, Jordi Torrents, Palina Bartashevich, M. Carmen Miguel, Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, and Pawel Romanczuk
Journal: PNAS
Animals moving together in groups are believed to interact among each other with effective social forces, such as attraction, repulsion, and alignment. Such forces can be inferred using “force maps,” i.e., by analyzing the dependency of the acceleration of a focal individual on relevant variables. Here, we introduce a force map technique suitable for the analysis of the alignment forces experienced by individuals. After validating it using an agent-based model, we apply the force map to experimental data of schooling fish. We observe signatures of an effective alignment force with faster neighbors and an unexpected antialignment with slower neighbors. Instead of an explicit antialignment behavior, we suggest that the observed pattern is the result of a selective attention mechanism, where fish pay less attention to slower neighbors. This mechanism implies the existence of temporal leadership interactions based on relative speeds between neighbors. We present support for this hypothesis both from agent-based modeling as well as from exploring leader–follower relationships in the experimental data.
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Fig. 5 Surrogate data of the experimental school with known leader–follower interactions. (A) We compare the individual with itself at a delayed time τ. (B) and (C) Alignment force maps comparing the individual i with itself at a (B) positive and (C) negative delayed time τ=0.2 s. When the delay is positive, the individual at present acts as a follower and we see pure alignment. When the delay is negative, the individual at present acts as a leader and we see pure antialignment. | |
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成群活动的动物被认为是通过吸引、排斥和对齐等有效的社会力量相互作用的。这些力量可以通过“力映射”来推断，即通过分析焦点个体的加速度对相关变量的依赖来推断。本文介绍一种适用于分析个体所受对齐力的力映射技术。在使用基于智能体模型验证之后，本文将力映射应用于集群鱼类的实验数据。本文观察到快速相邻个体间存在有效的对齐力，而在慢速相邻个体之间存在意外的的反对齐力。与明确的反对齐行为不同，本文认为观察到的模式是一种选择性注意机制的结果，即鱼类对速度较慢的相邻个体关注较少。这一机制意味着相邻个体之间存在基于相对速度的暂时的领导力交互。本文通过基于智能体模型以及对实验数据中领导者-追随者关系的探索，为这一假设提供了支持。
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（实习生梁欣宇编译）
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Atmosphere teleconnections from abatement of
China aerosol emissions exacerbate Northeast Pacific warm blob events
中国气溶胶减排导致的大气遥相关加剧了东北太平洋暖斑事件
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Authors: Hai Wang, Xiao-Tong Zheng, Wenju Cai, Zi-Wen Han, Shang-Ping Xie, Sarah M. Kang, Yu-Fan Geng, Fukai Liu, Chuan-Yang Wang, Yue Wu, Baoqiang Xiang, and Lei Zhou
Journal: PNAS
During 2010 to 2020, Northeast Pacific (NEP) sea surface temperature (SST) experienced the warmest decade ever recorded, manifested in several extreme marine heatwaves, referred to as “warm blob” events, which severely affect marine ecosystems and extreme weather along the west coast of North America. While year-to-year internal climate variability has been suggested as a cause of individual events, the causes of the continuous dramatic NEP SST warming remain elusive. Here, we show that other than the greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, rapid aerosol abatement in China over the period likely plays an important role. Anomalous tropospheric warming induced by declining aerosols in China generated atmospheric teleconnections from East Asia to the NEP, featuring an intensified and southward-shifted Aleutian Low. The associated atmospheric circulation anomaly weakens the climatological westerlies in the NEP and warms the SST there by suppressing the evaporative cooling. The aerosol-induced mean warming of the NEP SST, along with internal climate variability and the GHG-induced warming, made the warm blob events more frequent and intense during 2010 to 2020. As anthropogenic aerosol emissions continue to decrease, there is likely to be an increase in NEP warm blob events, disproportionately large beyond the direct radiative effects.
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在2010年至2020年期间，东北太平洋的海表面温度经历了有记录以来最热的十年，发生了多次极端海洋热浪事件，也称“暖斑”事件，严重影响了海洋生态系统以及北美西海岸的极端天气。虽然年际间气候内部变率已被认为是个别事件的原因之一，但东北太平洋海表面温度增暖显著加速的原因仍未可知。除了温室气体强迫外，该研究揭示了同期中国气溶胶快速减排可能也起着重要作用。中国气溶胶减排引起的对流层异常升温激发了自东亚到东北太平洋上空的大气遥相关，使得阿留申低压增强并南移。与之相关的大气环流异常通过抑制蒸发冷却，减弱了东北太平洋的气候西风，导致该区域海表面温度升高。气溶胶减排协同温室气体强迫的暖效应引起的东北太平洋海表面温度增暖，叠加气候内部变率的影响，导致了2010年至2020年间暖斑事件的频发和增强。随着人为气溶胶排放的持续减少，东北太平洋暖斑事件可能会增加，超过直接辐射效应。
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（实习生周皓悦编译，参考来源）
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Status of Stocks 2023:
Annual Report to Congress on the Status of U.S. Fisheries
2023年鱼类种群状况：美国渔业状况年度报告
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Source: NOAA Fisheries
NOAA Fisheries is pleased to present the 2023 Report to Congress on the Status of U.S. Fisheries. This report highlights the work of NOAA Fisheries, the eight Regional Fishery Management Councils, and our other partners. In 2023, the number of stocks on the overfishing and overfished lists decreased, with the number of stocks on the overfishing list reaching an all-time low. There were 16 first-time stock status determinations, and we rebuilt one stock, bringing the total number of rebuilt stocks to 50 since 2000. We continue to implement management measures that end overfishing, rebuild overfished stocks, and sustain our fisheries for future generations. We accomplish our mission despite challenges, including a changing ocean climate and impacts to our working waterfronts and fishing businesses. Sound science, an increasing focus on climate-informed management, effective enforcement, meaningful partnerships, and public engagement drive our success in managing the most sustainable fisheries in the world.
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|  | Fig. 6 Status of stocks 2023 | |
美国国家海洋和大气管理局渔业部发布了《2023年美国渔业状况报告》。报告重点介绍了美国国家海洋和大气管理局渔业部、八个区域渔业管理委员会以及其他合作伙伴的工作。2023年，过度捕捞和过度捕捞名单上的鱼类数量减少，过度捕捞名单上的鱼类种群数量达到历史最低点。报告首次确定了16个鱼类种群的资源状态，并重建了一个种群，使自2000年以来重建的鱼类种群总数达到50个。报告指出将继续实施管理措施，结束过度捕捞，重建过度捕捞的种群，为后代维持我们的渔业。尽管面临各种挑战，包括不断变化的海洋气候及其对人们工作的滨水区和渔业企业的影响，工作人员仍然完成了职责。合理的科学、对气候信息管理的日益重视、有效的行动、有意义的伙伴关系以及公众参与，推动了对可持续渔业的成功管理。
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（实习生梁欣宇编译）
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Technical note: Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP)
技术说明：海洋碱度增强对浮游生物[1]影响的比较计划（OAEPIIP）
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Authors: Lennart Thomas Bach, Aaron James Ferderer, Julie LaRoche, and Kai Georg Schulz
Journal: EGUsphere
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) aims to transfer carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere to the ocean by increasing the capacity of seawater to store CO2. The potential effects of OAE-induced changes in seawater chemistry on marine biology must be assessed to understand if OAE, operated at a climate relevant scale, would be environmentally sustainable. Here, we describe the design of the Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project (OAEPIIP) - a standardised OAE microcosm experiment with plankton communities to be conducted worldwide. OAEPIIP provides funding for participating laboratories to conduct OAE experiments in their local environments. This paper constitutes a detailed manual on the standardised methodology that shall be adopted by all OAEPIIP participants. The individual studies will provide new insights into how plankton communities respond to OAE. The synthesis of these standardized studies, without publication bias, will reveal common OAE-responses that occur across geographic and environmental gradients and are therefore particularly important to determine. The funding available to OAEPIIP and resulting data will be shared to maximise its value and the accessibility. The globally coordinated effort has potential to promote scientific consensus about the potential effects of OAE on diverse plankton communities. Such consensus, through inclusion of the global community, will provide a sounder base to facilitate political decision making whether OAE should be upscaled or not.
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|  | Fig. 7 Microcosm setup. (A) Schematic of the microcosm tanks. The 2 heat belts induce convective mixing within the tanks. (B) Arrangement of 9 microcosms in a temperature-controlled room in front of a light source. Their position should be changed on a daily basis to minimize position-dependent differences in light and temperature over the course of the study. (C) A picture of a microcosm, just after NaOH addition. The white flakes are brucite particles that need to be dissolved after NaOH addition by stirring the seawater within microcosms with a plastic spoon. (D) A close-up of a marine snow aggregate, which frequently forms after a phytoplankton bloom. (E) Marine snow aggregates collected in the sedimentation cup of the microcosm. Sampling these can be interesting, although this is not an essential parameter of OAEPIIP (section 2.6.). | |
海洋碱度增强旨在通过提高海水储存二氧化碳的能力，将大气中的二氧化碳转移到海洋中。为了了解在气候相关尺度上进行海洋碱度增强是否具有环境可持续性，必须评估海洋碱度增强引起的海水化学变化对海洋生物的潜在影响。本文介绍了海洋碱度增强对浮游生物[1]影响的比较计划（Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Pelagic Impact Intercomparison Project, OAEPIIP）的设计——在全球范围内对浮游生物群落进行标准化海洋碱度增强微宇宙实验。OAEPIIP为参与的实验室提供资金，以便在其当地环境中进行海洋碱度增强实验。本文形成了一份详细手册，包含了所有OAEPIIP参与者应采用的标准化方法。各项研究将为浮游生物群落对海洋碱度增强的响应提供新的见解。在没有发表偏倚的情况下，这些标准化研究的综合结果将揭示跨越地理和环境梯度发生的常见海洋碱度增强响应，因此确定这些响应尤为重要。OAEPIIP的可用经费和结果数据将被共享，以最大限度地发挥其价值和可获取性。这一全球协调的努力结果有可能促进海洋碱度增强对不同浮游生物群落的潜在影响的科学共识。通过国际社会的参与，这种共识将为推动是否应扩大海洋碱度增强的政治决策提供更坚实的基础。
[1] 译者注：原文为“Pelagic”，此处名称中译为“浮游生物”
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（实习生张郑颖编译）
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Disclaimer: This column is a new trial to share cutting-edge research activities with the wider academic community. The Chinese is not an official translation, while the English is in original. If there is anything inappropriate, please contact us at imber@ecnu.edu.cn to correct us if anything is inappropriate.
声明：本版块为尝试性栏目，旨在传播分享最新科研动态。中文翻译仅供参考，中英文若有不符之处，请以英文为准。如有不妥之处，请联系 imber@ecnu.edu.cn 进行订正。
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Events, Webinars and Conferences
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If you would like to put some recruitment information in the IMBeR bilingual monthly newsletter, please contact us through imber@ecnu.edu.cn.
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