专刊介绍 | IMBeR西太平洋会议“变化中的西太平洋：科学与可持续”
本期信息将与订阅者分享IMBeR西太平洋会议“变化中的西太平洋：科学与可持续”专刊
第二卷的精彩内容
Welcome to the IMBeR IPO-China newsletter. This special edition of our newsletter shares the scientific papers from volume 2 of the special issue entitled IMBeR West Pacific Symposium: Changing West Pacific Ocean: Science and Sustainability, published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography.
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作为世界半数人口的海上生命线，西太平洋对人类具有重要意义。认识海洋，利用海洋，经略海洋，并使之造福人类是科学探索的核心目标。国际海洋生物圈整合研究计划（IMBeR） 西太平洋会议以“变化中的西太平洋：科学与可持续”为主题于2021年11月在线上召开，吸引了来自全球九百余名参与者，共同探讨西太平洋地区海洋生态系统的动态相互作用。30多亿人的生活与印度洋、西太平洋紧密相连，IMBeR西太平洋会议促进了对不断演变的海洋生物圈的讨论。来自非洲、西亚、南亚、东南亚、东亚和西太平洋地区的与会者为西太平洋和印度洋地区海洋生物圈变化带来了新的视角和突出的研究挑战。深入探讨了海洋生物多样性、气候动力学和地质动力等主题，力求加深科学认识，促进海洋资源的可持续开发。
会议成果包括焦点研究小组及专刊出版。IMBeR西太平洋会议“变化中的西太平洋：科学与可持续”专刊共收录17篇文章，分为一、二两卷。承接上期内容，本期信息将与订阅者分享第二卷的七篇学术论文，涵盖近海生态系统-社会相互作用、印度洋-太平洋地区海洋生物地球化学和生物多样性、海洋极端事件和生态系统、生物地球化学和气候干预的研究进展。
- 大型食鱼性鱼类食饵-捕食者物种分布模型的建立：以蓝点马鲛和日本鳀为例
- 地形与温度锋如何影响夏季老铁山水道北部与渤海内部的水体输运?
- 朝鲜半岛邻近海域海表温度预测的深度学习模型
- 新西兰东部副热带锋区浮游植物动态、生长及微型浮游动物摄食
- 海洋热浪预测对海洋产业的影响：降低风险、韧性建设和增强管理应对
- 季风和风暴对热带沿海环境微微型真核微生物群落结构和多样性的影响
- 巴厘海峡季风变化及其对巴厘岛黄泽小沙丁鱼摄食习性的影响
Liu等（2023）通过建立食饵-捕食者物种分布集成模型，提高了考虑食饵影响下捕食者物种分布的预测精度。他们发现蓝点马鲛的分布与冬季温度、盐度等值线密切相关，其栖息地适生区将在未来缩小21-42%。基于ROMS模型，Xu等（2023）构建了渤海与黄海海域的三维海洋环流数值模型，刻画了夏季北黄海水从老铁山水道向渤海西部输运并形成Ω形环流的结构和动力学特征，为渤海生态系统动力学研究与生物资源的可持续利用献计献策。Choi等（2023）利用前沿的机器学习方法预测朝鲜半岛邻近海域的高水温事件，以降低此类事件对韩国水产养殖业的损害。通过现场观测和模拟实验，Safi等（2023）揭示了新西兰东部区域浮游植物变化的影响因素。他们发现副热带锋区内不同水体的影响可以分离，浮游植物生物量和大细胞丰度在锋区达到峰值。Hartog等（2023）提出了一个可用于提高应对气候变化的管理敏捷性的框架，并定义了影响海洋企业韧性的关键属性，为适应海洋的不确定性和变化性提供科学参考。基于实地采样与实验室测量结果，Cruz等（2023）揭示了热带沿海地区微微型真核微生物群落的分类和功能多样性及其对季风动态与风暴干扰的响应。Sartimbul等（2023）探讨了巴厘海峡黄泽小沙丁鱼的摄食习性和食物偏好，为了解黄泽小沙丁鱼的摄食生态提供了宝贵的信息，也可以为巴厘海峡黄泽小沙丁鱼渔业的合理管理提供科学依据。这些研究成果为气候变化、海洋生态系统动力学间的复杂相互作用提供了宝贵的见解，提升了人们对海洋生态系统的认识，为形成应对全球气候变化的自然解决方案提供了科学指导。
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上图展示了IMBeR西太平洋会议“变化中的西太平洋：科学与可持续”专刊第二卷发布的
七篇学术论文的关键词
This figure shows the keywords from 7 academic papers published in volume 2 of the special issue entitled IMBeR West Pacific Symposium: Changing West Pacific Ocean: Science and Sustainability.
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The West Pacific, serving as the lifeline for half of the world’s population, holds immense importance for humanity. Understanding, harnessing, and managing the ocean's potential to benefit people are central goals of scientific inquiry. The IMBeR West Pacific Symposium held online in November 2021, attracted over nine hundred participants from across the globe. With the theme of “Changing West Pacific Ocean: Science and Sustainability,” the symposium brought together experts to explore the dynamic interactions shaping marine ecosystems in this vital region. With over 3 billion lives intertwined with the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific, the symposium fostered discussions on the evolving marine biosphere. The participants from Africa, West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the West Pacific brought new perspectives and salient research challenges concerning the changing marine biosphere in the West Pacific and the Indian Ocean (WPI) region. Delving into topics such as marine biodiversity, climate dynamics, and tectonic forces, they sought to deepen scientific understanding and foster sustainable exploitation of marine resources.
The symposium’s outcomes include Focus Study Groups and a special issue. The special issue entitled IMBeR West Pacific Symposium: Changing West Pacific Ocean: Science and Sustainability consists of 17 papers, and is divided into two volumes. Following the last newsletter, this newsletter shares the 7 academic papers of the second volume, covering research on ecosystem-social interactions in the coastal sea, marine biogeochemistry and biodiversity in the Indo-Pacific region, marine extreme events, and ecosystem, biogeochemistry, and interventions.
With the development of the prey-predator species distribution model (PPSDM) by an ensemble model, Liu et al. (2023) improved the prediction accuracy of predator distribution by PPSDM with prey. They found that the Spanish mackerel is closely related to temperature and salinity isolines in winter, and its suitable habitat was projected to shrink by 21–42% in the future. Based on the ROMS model, Xu et al. (2023) constructed a three-dimensional numerical model of ocean circulation including the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea to unravel the structure and dynamic characteristics of the Ω-shaped circulation formed by the water transport of the North Yellow Sea from Laotieshan Channel to the western Bohai Sea in summer. This study provides useful insights into the investigation of the Bohai Sea ecosystem dynamics and the sustainable utilization of biological resources. Leveraging advanced machine learning, Choi et al. (2023) developed a method to forecast high water temperature events near the Korean Peninsula, reducing the damage of such events to Korean fish farms. Through field observations and modeling, Safi et al. (2023) unveiled the factors influencing phytoplankton variability east of New Zealand. They found that different water mass influences could be separated within the subtropical front, phytoplankton biomass and the abundance of larger sized cells peaked in the frontal zone. Hartog et al. (2023) proposed a framework for enhancing management agility in response to climate variability, with a focus on identifying key attributes influencing resilience in marine businesses, which offers a scientific reference for adapting to the uncertainty and variability of the ocean. By conducting field sampling and laboratory measurements, Cruz et al. (2023) elucidated the taxonomic and functional diversity of picoeukaryotic communities in tropical coastal regions, and their response to monsoonal dynamics and storm disturbances. Sartimbul et al. (2023) investigated the feeding habits and dietary preferences of Sardinella lemuru in the Bali Strait, which provides valuable information on the feeding ecology of S. lemuru and possibly a scientific basis for the proper management of the S. lemuru fishery in Bali Strait. These papers offer insights into the complex interplay between climate change and ecosystem dynamics, advance our understanding of marine ecosystems, and provide scientific guidance for nature-based solutions to global climate change.
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专刊第二卷研究成果速览
Quick Overview of Research Findings of Special Issue Volume 2
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大型食鱼性鱼类食饵-捕食者物种分布模型的建立：以蓝点马鲛和日本鳀为例
Development of a prey-predator species distribution model for a large piscivorous fish: A case study for Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicu
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作者：Shuhao Liu, Yongjun Tian, Yang Liu, Irene D. Alabia, Jiahua Cheng, Shin-ichi Ito
物种分布模型（Species Distribution Models, SDMs）的主要挑战之一是将食饵对捕食者的影响纳入模型。本文建立了食饵-捕食者物种分布集成模型（Prey-Predator Species Distribution Model, PPSDM），基于环境变量（海表温度、水深、海表盐度和表层海流）和生物变量（预测食饵分布：日本鳀）对中国海域食鱼性鱼类（蓝点马鲛）栖息地进行预测。PPSDM模型对比了树模型、机器学习模型、回归模型、包络法和分类模型等九种算法，并从中选择了较好的单个算法。当栖息地生境不考虑日本鳀的分布时，回归模型、机器学习模型和分类模型的结果得到显著改善，但树模型仅略有提升。PPSDM模型结果很好地反映了蓝点马鲛的发育迁移。研究结果表明，越冬栖息地分布于温度介于11至17 ℃、盐度介于33.6至34.1的区域。由于冬季等温线（11、17 ℃）、盐度等值线（33.6、34.1）和锋面（温度、盐度）的位置受地形因素影响，蓝点马鲛的分布与底层地形密切相关，适生区位于50至100米等深线处。本文对不同气候指标、温度和蓝点马鲛之间的联系进行分析。分析结果表明，东亚季风通过影响温度变化对蓝点马鲛栖息地产生显著影响。在RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5情景下，蓝点马鲛栖息地适生区预计将在未来分别减少21%、28%、36%和42%。黄海北部的蓝点马鲛可能会经历“死胡同”效应，造成该物种的局地灭绝。分布于中国海域的蓝点马鲛可能会通过对马海峡向东北方向迁移，到本世纪末期，日本海可能成为其主要栖息地。
（实习生周皓悦编译）
One of the major challenges of species distribution models (SDMs) is incorporating the influence of prey on the predator. An ensemble modeling approach, the prey-predator species distribution model (PPSDM), uses environmental variables (sea surface temperature, bathymetry, sea surface salinity, and sea surface current) and a biotic variable (predicted prey distribution: Japanese anchovy) to predict a piscivorous fish (Japanese Spanish mackerel) habitat in the China Seas. PPSDM comprised selected preferable single algorithms from nine algorithms, including tree-based models, machine learning models, regression models, an envelope-style method, and a classification model. Compared with that obtained when using habitat without the Japanese anchovy distribution, the regression models, machine learning models and a classification model have significant improvements. However, tree-based models have only slightly improved. The PPSDM results well reflected the ontogenetic migration of Japanese Spanish mackerel. We found that the wintering ground was distributed in regions with temperatures between 11 and 17 °C and salinities between 33.6 and 34.1. The bottom topography was also closely correlated with Japanese Spanish mackerel, and the suitable habitat was at 50–100 m isobaths as topography determined the position of isotherms (11, 17 °C), salinity isolines (33.6, 34.1), and fronts (temperature, salinity) in winter. The relationships among different climatic indices, temperature, and Japanese Spanish mackerel were analyzed. We found that the East Asian monsoon significantly influenced the Japanese Spanish mackerel habitat by affecting temperature variation. In the future, the suitable habitat of Japanese Spanish mackerel is projected to decrease by 21%, 28%, 36%, and 42% under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5, respectively. The Japanese Spanish mackerel in the northern Yellow Sea is projected to experience the ‘cul de sac’ effect, which would drive this species toward local extinction. The Japanese Spanish mackerel in the China Seas will probably shift northeastward through the Tsushima Strait, and the Sea of Japan may form the main habitat at the end of the century.
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地形与温度锋如何影响夏季老铁山水道北部与渤海内部的水体输运?
How do topography and thermal front influence the water transport from the northern Laotieshan Channel to the Bohai Sea interior in summer?
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作者：Yinfeng Xu, Feng Zhou, Qicheng Meng, Dingyong Zeng, Tao Yan, Wenyan Zhang
渤海为半封闭海域，仅通过渤海海峡与黄海相连，其水体更新很大程度上依赖于渤海与北黄海之间的水交换。渤海海峡流量高峰通常出现于夏季，然而，夏季渤海的水体存留时间与其他季节相比并没有明显地减少。本文采用三维模型揭示了夏季北黄海水从老铁山水道向渤海西部输运并形成Ω形环流的结构和动力学特征。气候态和后报模型结果表明，尽管大量的北黄海水进入渤海海峡，但进入渤海海峡后的大部分水体被限制在渤海中央浅滩和大连之间的老铁山水道，被Ω形状的较强的潮汐锋所包围，无法进一步向北深入辽东湾。进入渤海海峡后的水体受地形引导，形成气旋式的沿锋面强流，导致大部分水体在中央浅滩以东转向南，与渤海南部流经渤海海峡南部的出流汇合，流出渤海。中央浅滩和老铁山水道北部的地形隆起不仅作为一个屏障，也是潮汐锋形成的重要因素，大大削弱了海峡海域和渤海内部海域（首先影响的是辽东湾）之间的水交换。拉格朗日粒子跟踪试验表明，北黄海释放的粒子最终到达渤海内部的比例不足10%，其中只有极少部分能够向北进入辽东湾。海水运动方程的动量诊断表明，海峡西北部沿Ω形潮汐锋运动的水体，主要受地转平衡控制。敏感性实验表明，潮汐促进了表层海水从北黄海向渤海内部的输运。相比月平均气候态风场，现实风场（包括天气尺度事件在内）通过调节正压和斜压梯度力，可以促进从海峡到渤海内部的水体输运。
（实习生刘熙茜编译）
Water renewal through the Bohai Strait largely dominates the water quality of the semi-enclosed Bohai Sea (BS), which connects only to the northern Yellow Sea (NYS) through the strait. Although the peak water transport through the Bohai Strait occurs in summer, the spatially averaged water residence time of the BS shows no significant decrease compared to other periods. A three-dimensional model is applied to unravel the detailed structure and dynamic processes of the summertime NYS water transport from the northern Laotieshan Channel to the BS interior. Model results from both climatological and hindcasting cases show that despite a large amount of the NYS water enters the strait, they are confined to the Laotieshan Channel between the Central Bank and Dalian surrounded by a strong Ω-shaped tidal front and could not move further north into the Liaodong Bay. The strong along-front flow steered by the topography forms a counter-clockwise circulation pattern in the strait zone, resulting in most of water southward movement east of the Central Bank, then join the outflow south of the strait and leave for the NYS. The Central Bank and the topographic sill north of the Laotieshan Channel act as a barrier that significantly reduces the water exchange between the strait zone and the BS interior, in particular the Liaodong Bay. Particle-tracking experiments suggest that less than 10% of particles released in the NYS could finally reach the BS interior, and among of them only a small portion of them could move further north into the Liaodong Bay. Momentum diagnostics suggest that the water transport northwest of the strait is dominated by geostrophic balance in the Ω-shaped frontal region. Sensitivity experiments indicate that tides promote the surface water transport from the NYS to the BS interior. The realistic wind forcing including synoptic events may facilitate the water transport from the strait to the BS interior by modulating the barotropic and baroclinic pressure gradient than that with the climatological wind case.
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朝鲜半岛邻近海域海表温度预测的深度学习模型
Deep-learning model for sea surface temperature prediction near the Korean Peninsula
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作者：Hey-Min Choi, Min-Kyu Kim, Hyun Yang
近年来，由于全球变暖，朝鲜半岛邻近海域海表温度（Sea Surface Temperatures, SSTs）迅速上升；这种现象会导致海水温度升高，并对韩国水产养殖业造成大面积破坏。为了降低此类损害，对高水温事件进行提前预测是极为必要的。本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF）ERA5产品提供的朝鲜半岛海表温度时序数据和用于时序数据预测的长短期记忆网络（Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM），建立了一种高水温事件预测模型。首先，利用上述模型预测海表温度。当海表温度的预测值超过韩国政府发布的高水温警报标准（28 ℃）时，判定为高水温事件。为评估海表温度预测模型的预测精度，本文采用决定系数（the Coefficient of Determination, R2）、均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error, RMSE）和平均绝对百分比误差（Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE）评估1-7天的模型预测结果。海表温度模型1天预测结果的R2、RMSE和MAPE值分别为0.985、0.14 ℃和0.38%，而7天海表温度预测结果的R2、RMSE和MAPE值分别为0.574、0.74 ℃和2.26%。同时，本文通过计算F1分数评估了高水温事件的分类精度。海表温度预测模型1天及7天模型预测结果的F1分数分别为0.963和0.739。
（实习生周皓悦编译）
Recently, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) near the Korean Peninsula have increased rapidly due to global warming; this phenomenon can lead to high water temperatures and extensive damage to Korean fish farms. To reduce such damage, it is necessary to predict high water temperature events in advance. In this study, we developed a method for predicting high water temperature events using time series SST data for the Korean Peninsula obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 product and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network designed for time series data prediction. First, the SST prediction model was used to predict SSTs. Predicted SSTs exceeding 28 °C, which is the Korean government standard for issuing high water temperature warnings, were designated as high water temperatures. To evaluate the prediction accuracy of the SST prediction model, 1-to 7-day predictions were evaluated in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The R2, RMSE, and MAPE values of the 1-day prediction SST model were 0.985, 0.14 °C, and 0.38%, respectively, whereas those of the 7-day prediction SST model were 0.574, 0.74 °C, and 2.26%, respectively. We also calculated F1 scores to evaluate high water temperature classification accuracy. The F1 scores of the 1- and 7-day SST prediction models were 0.963 and 0.739, respectively.
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新西兰东部副热带锋区浮游植物动态、生长及微型浮游动物摄食
Phytoplankton dynamics, growth and microzooplankton grazing across the subtropical frontal zone, east of New Zealand
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作者：Karl A. Safi, Andrés Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Julie A. Hall, Matthew H. Pinkerton
浮游植物生物量和生产力的升高与变化通常与副热带锋面（Subtropical Front, STF）相关，氮限制的副热带水体和铁限制的亚南极水体在副热带锋面混合。为了理解新西兰东部副热带锋面的变化，本文评估了查塔姆海隆区域23个站点秋末-初冬期间与物理化学条件相关的浮游植物群落结构、生长和摄食动态。本文通过系列稀释实验，结合叶绿素a（Chlorophyll a, Chla）粒级分析（总和与<20 μm）以及流式细胞术（聚球藻和微微型真核浮游生物数量，<2 μm），估算了浮游植物生长和微型浮游动物的摄食速率。基于盐度、温度和养分梯度，将宽广的副热带锋区划分为亚南极影响水域（Subantarctic Influenced Waters, SAIW）、锋区（Frontal Zone, FZ）和副热带影响水域（Subtropical Influenced Waters, STIW）。浮游植物叶绿素a生物量（TChla）和大细胞丰度（>20 μm叶绿素a）在锋区达到峰值，但随着向南进入较冷的SAIW区域逐渐下降，向北进入STIW区域迅速下降。叶绿素a<2 μm的峰值出现于STIW区域北部。与以往研究结果相比，温度较高的STIW区域（μ=0.49±0.07 day−1）浮游植物生长（TChla）高于铁限制的SAIW区域（μ=0.29±0.06 day−1），但平均为中等水平（μ=0.42±0.05 day−1）。微型浮游动物对TChla的摄食（m=0.17±0.04 day−1）低于生长，占日初级生产力的一半（m:μ, 0.4±0.06）。叶绿素a粒级小于20 μm的生长较高（μ=0.52±0.06 day−1），但由微型浮游动物消耗（m:μ=0.64±0.06）的比例更大。微微型真核浮游生物的平均生长（1.49±0.13 day−1）和摄食速率（1.43±0.11 day−1）最快，在锋区达到峰值，但在不同水域间保持相对平衡（m:μ=1.00±0.02）。与此相反，聚球藻在STIW区域达到峰值，并向南降低，所有区域的生长（μ=0.42±0.08 day−1）普遍高于摄食（m=0.28±0.06 day−1）。本文研究结果表明，摄食与养分（可能为铁）利用率的差异是控制副热带锋区浮游植物动态的主要因素。这些因素也影响了锋区浮游植物生物量的累积，包括输出或向更高营养级转移的潜力。
（实习生叶晟晖编译）
Elevated but variable phytoplankton biomass and productivity is often associated with the subtropical front (STF) where nitrogen-limited subtropical and iron-limited subantarctic waters mix. To understand variability within the STF east of New Zealand, we assessed phytoplankton community structure, growth, and grazing dynamics in relation to physico-chemical conditions across 23 stations distributed along the Chatham Rise region during late autumn-early winter. Serial dilution experiments were coupled with size-fractionated chlorophyll a (Chla) analysis (Total and <20 μm) and flow-cytometry (Synechococcus and picoeukaryote numbers, <2 μm) to estimate phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates. Within the broad STF zone, subantarctic influenced waters (SAIW), frontal zone (FZ), and subtropical influenced waters (STIW) were delimited based on salinity, temperature and nutrient gradients. The chlorophyll a biomass (TChla) of phytoplankton and the abundance of larger sized cells (>20 μm chlorophyll ɑ) peaked in FZ waters but declined steadily southwards into the colder SAIW, and rapidly reduced north into the STIW. Chlorophyll ɑ<2 μm peaked in the northern STIW. Phytoplankton growth (TChla) was higher in warmer STIW (μ=0.49±0.07 day−1) than in iron limited SAIW (μ=0.29±0.06 day−1) but was on average moderate (μ=0.42±0.05 day−1) when compared to previous studies in the region. Microzooplankton grazing on TChla was lower (m=0.17±0.04 day−1) than growth and accounted for half of daily primary production (m:μ, 0.47±0.06). Growth in the <20 μm Chla size fraction was higher (μ=0.52±0.06 day−1) but a larger proportion was consumed by microzooplankton (m:μ=0.64±0.06). Picoeukaryotes showed the fastest growth (1.49±0.13 day−1) and grazing (1.43±0.11 day−1) rates on average, which peaked in the FZ but remained closely balanced across different waters (m:μ=1.00±0.02). Conversely, Synechococcus rates peaked in STIW and decreased southwards, with growth (μ=0.42±0.08 day−1) generally exceeding grazing (m=0.28±0.06 day−1) across all regions. Our results indicate differences in grazing together with nutrient (likely iron) availability were the primary factors controlling phytoplankton dynamics in the STF zone. These factors also affected the accumulation of larger phytoplankton biomass in the FZ, including the potential for export or transfer to higher trophic levels.
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海洋热浪预测对海洋产业的影响：降低风险、韧性建设和增强管理应对
Forecasts of marine heatwaves for marine industries: Reducing risk, building resilience and enhancing management responses
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作者：Jason R. Hartog, Claire M. Spillman, Grant Smith, Alistair J. Hobday
由于不确定和剧烈的海洋条件，海洋利用一直都存在风险，现代经济继续经受着极端环境带来的风险。由于人为气候变化和海洋热浪等极端事件频率的增加，自然环境的变化使得过去的经验变得不再有价值。通过季节预测，可以提前数月对气候事件发出早期预警，从而降低这种风险。然而，要从预测中获益，海洋企业需要灵活应对不断变化的信息和响应方案。本文定义了可以影响和提高这种管理敏捷性的七个属性：领导力、社会期望、信号强度、系统操控、监管环境、市场力量和运营价值。渔业、水产养殖业和旅游业等不同海洋企业的管理敏捷性可以影响其有效利用季节预测信息的能力，并有可能改变韧性与压力事件频率之间普遍存在的负相关关系，从而降低极端事件的影响。预报开发人员与海洋用户间的互动也能提升应对措施，同时，提高企业敏捷性也能增强对极端事件的整体韧性，降低企业风险。
（实习生张郑颖编译）
Ocean use has always been risky because of uncertain and dramatic ocean conditions and modern businesses continue to experience risk due to environmental extremes. A changing physical environment due to anthropogenic climate change and increased frequency of extreme events such as marine heatwaves makes past experience less valuable. This risk can be reduced by utilising seasonal forecasts that provide early warning of climate events several months ahead of time. However, to benefit from a forecast, a marine business will need to be agile to respond to changing information and response options. We define a set of seven attributes that can influence and enhance this management agility; leadership, social expectations, signal strength, system manipulation, regulatory environment, market forces, and value of the operations. The management agility of different marine businesses in fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism can influence their ability to use seasonal forecast information effectively, and potentially modify the usual negative relationship between resilience and the frequency of the stress event, thus reducing the impact of extreme events. Engagement between forecast developers and marine users can also improve responses, while at the same time, improving the agility of businesses can enhance overall resilience to extreme events and lower their risk.
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季风和风暴对热带沿海环境微微型真核微生物群落结构和多样性的影响
Effects of monsoons and storms on the structuring and diversity of picoeukaryotic microbial communities in a tropical coastal environment
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作者：Maria Anna Michaela De La Cruz, Brian William Hingpit, Laure Guillou, Deo Florence L. Onda
微微型真核生物是海洋生态系统的关键组成部分，在食物网和生物地球化学循环中发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管它们意义重大，但其群落生态和多样性的许多方面仍未得到充分研究。本文探究了热带沿海地区季风和风暴天气干扰下微微型真核微生物的分类和功能多样性。为此，本研究每周或每两周在受东北和西南季风影响的热带沿海区域的同一地点采集水样，并对18S rRNA基因的V4区进行了高通量扩增子测序，以获得不同时间的群落分类图谱。基于环境参数将样品划分为与东北季风、西南季风和大风浪西南季风相关的月份，表明季风和风暴影响的季节性，这种现象通常可在热带沿海水域观测到。相比之下，基于丰度的聚类只将样品分为东北季风和西南季风两类，风暴期间的多数群落被归为东北季风样品。这些样品展现出更强的多样性，有较小的分类群，如寄生型甲藻、球形棕囊藻、Picozoa、丝足虫门、褐藻门，以及目前最丰富的群体——绿藻门。相反，西南季风样品的多样性较低，普遍以大细胞分类群为主，主要是硅藻。多变量分析和相关性分析结果表明，硝酸盐是微微型真核微生物群落结构的最强环境驱动因素。同时，网络分析将该分类群分为三个模块，这与基于环境参数的聚类结果更为一致，这意味着虽然风暴可能不会显著改变群落组成，但可能会影响优势分类群。每个模块由一组独特的共生分类群组成，突出了每个季节间微微型真核微生物群落的高更替。此外，本文研究结果表明，西南季风相关模块比其他模块具有更高的联结性，这表明在此期间的相互作用可能不太具有物种特异性，比东北季风更具适应性。然而，本研究观察到风暴引起的极端波动可能会影响对优势分类群的选择。对每个季风期代表性样品进行宏基因组鸟枪法测序分析，揭示了不同丰度的功能基因，特别是与氮代谢相关的基因，可能有助于适应不断变化的营养条件。本文研究结果为环境胁迫下微生物群落的潜在轨迹提供了新的见解，这对理解沿海富营养化和气候变化等新兴威胁的影响具有重要意义。
（实习生刘熙茜编译）
Picoeukaryotes are key components in marine ecosystems that play crucial roles in food webs and biogeochemical cycles. Despite their significance, many aspects of their community ecology and diversity remain understudied. Here, we investigated the taxonomic and functional diversity of picoeukaryotic communities in response to monsoonal patterns and weather disturbances brought about by storms, characterizing tropical coastal regions. To do this, water samples were collected almost weekly or bi-weekly at a single location in a tropical coastal environment covering the late northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) monsoons. We then performed high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene to generate taxonomic profiles of the communities across time. Clustering based on environmental parameters grouped our samples into months associated with NE monsoon, SW monsoon, and stormy SW monsoon, demonstrating seasonality influenced by monsoons and storms, typically observed in tropical coastal waters. In comparison, clustering based on abundance only grouped the samples into NE and SW monsoon, with most communities during storm period joining the NE monsoon samples. These samples exhibited greater diversity, with smaller taxa such as Syndiniales, Prymnesiophyceae, Picozoa, Cercozoa, Stramenopiles, and Chlorophytes being the most abundant groups present. In contrast, SW monsoon samples have lower diversity but have become generally dominated by large-celled taxa, mostly diatoms. Multivariate and correlation analyses both revealed nitrate as the strongest environmental driver of the picoeukaryotic community structuring. Meanwhile, network analysis grouped the taxa into three modules, more consistent with the clustering based on environmental parameters, implying that although storms may not significantly change the community composition, they may however influence the dominating taxa. Each module was composed of a unique set of co-occurring taxa, highlighting high turnover of picoeukaryotic communities between each season. In addition, our results showed that SW monsoon-associated module had higher interconnectivity than other modules, suggesting that the interactions during this period may be less species-specific, thus, more adaptable than during NE monsoon. However, we observed that extreme fluctuations caused by storms could have possibly allowed for selection of dominant taxa. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of representative samples from each monsoon period also revealed that differently abundant functional genes, particularly genes associated to nitrogen metabolism, might have also helped in adaptation to the changing nutrient conditions. Our observations provide new insights on the potential trajectory of microbial communities under environmental stresses, which are important in understanding the implications of emerging threats such as coastal eutrophication and climate change.
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巴厘海峡季风变化及其对巴厘岛黄泽小沙丁鱼摄食习性的影响
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作者：A. Sartimbul, H. Nakata, E.Y. Herawati, E. Rohadi, D. Yona, L.I. Harlyan, A.D.R. Putri, V.A. Winata, R.I. Khasanah, Z. Arifin, R.D. Susanto, F.M. Lauro
黄泽小沙丁鱼（Sardinella lemuru）被认为是一种高度机会主义和灵活的觅食者。它们在巴厘海峡沿岸上升流区的高丰度最初被归因于其以浮游植物为食的摄食习性，因此获得更高的捕获量。随后的报告对此提出质疑，认为黄泽小沙丁鱼的主要食物是浮游动物。这种差异是由于缺乏黄泽小沙丁鱼季节性进食年周期信息所导致。本文综合考虑了巴厘海峡海水中浮游生物、黄泽小沙丁鱼的胃内容物以及季风海洋变化，确定了2012年至2013年四个渔期黄泽小沙丁鱼的食物组成和食物选择。结果表明，黄泽小沙丁鱼是一种杂食性鱼类，其食物组成取决于环境中的浮游生物可利用性、粒径等级以及受上升流影响的季风海洋变化。除季风间期2（Inter-Monsoon-2, Trans-2）外，这一条件有力地支持了海水中浮游植物的高营养可利用性、中等多样性以及中等群落稳定性。在Trans-2期间，浮游植物丰度较高（82.26%的Rhizosolenia stolterfothii），黄泽小沙丁鱼的主要食物为浮游植物。相反地，在西北季风期，由于浮游植物丰度较低，其主要食物被浮游动物（51.96%的Norvegica拟溪虾幼虫）所替代。此外，黄泽小沙丁鱼的摄食习性具有适应策略：由于黄泽小沙丁鱼具备在不同深度进行垂直迁移以及移动到另一个索饵场摄食浮游生物的能力，或者浮游生物可能被印尼贯穿流（Indonesian Throughflow, ITF）带入巴厘海峡，其摄食习性不仅具有灵活性，还具有选择性。本研究为黄泽小沙丁鱼的摄食生态提供了宝贵的信息，可能可以为巴厘海峡黄泽小沙丁鱼渔业的合理管理提供科学依据。
（实习生叶晟晖编译）
Sardinella lemuru is known as a highly opportunistic and flexible forager. Their high abundance in the coastal upwelling of Bali Strait was initially attributed to their feeding habit on phytoplankton and hence attaining higher catch. It was challenged by subsequent reports which suggested zooplankton as their main diet. This difference is due to the lack of information on the one-year cycle of its seasonal feeding. Here we used a combination of the plankton in seawater and the stomach contents of S. lemuru and monsoonal oceanographic changes at Bali Strait to determine the diet composition and food selectivity in four fishing seasons of 2012–2013. The result shows that S. lemuru is an omnivorous fish, and its diet composition depends on plankton availability in the environment, size classes, and the monsoonal oceanographic change influenced by upwelling. This condition strongly supported high nutrients for phytoplankton availability in the seawater with medium diversity and moderate community stability, except in inter-monsoon-2 (Trans-2). Phytoplankton was found as the main diet item of S. lemuru during the higher abundance of phytoplankton (82.26% Rhizosolenia stolterfothii) in Trans-2. In contrast, its main diet was substituted by zooplankton (51.96% Nauplius of Paraeuchaeta norvegica) during lower phytoplankton abundance in the northwest monsoon (NW). In addition, S. lemuru has adaptive strategies in feeding habits: It not only has flexibility but also selectivity in the feeding habit, supported by the ability to perform vertical migration for plankton grazing in different depths, move to another feeding ground, or plankton might be carried by the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) into the Bali Strait. This study provides valuable information on the feeding ecology of S. lemuru, possibly providing a scientific basis for the proper management of the S. lemuru fishery in Bali Strait.
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声明：本期信息旨在传播分享IMBeR西太平洋会议专刊第二卷发布的最新科研动态，中文翻译仅供参考，中英文若有不符之处，请以英文为准。如有不妥之处，请联系 imber@ecnu.edu.cn 进行订正或要求撤稿。
Disclaimer: This newsletter shares scientific findings from volume 2 of the special issue of IMBeR West Pacific Symposium. The Chinese is not an official translation, while the English is invoked from the original publication. If there is anything inappropriate, please contact imber@ecnu.edu.cn to correct us or request a retraction.
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E-mail: imber@ecnu.edu.cn
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Contact Us
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E-mail: imber@ecnu.edu.cn
Editors
GiHoon HONG, Fang ZUO,
Kai QIN, Suhui QIAN
from IMBeR IPO-China
Assistant Editors
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IMBeR is a Large-Scale Ocean Research Project under SCOR and a Global Research Project under Future Earth |
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