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IMBeR IPO-China 信息速递
Your news from the Integrated Marine Biosphere Research International Project Office - China
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电缆细菌与氧气的电连接吸引多种细菌聚集
Cable bacteria with electric connection
to oxygen attract flocks of diverse bacteria
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作者：Jesper J. Bjerg, Jamie J. M. Lustermans, Ian P. G. Marshall, Anna J. Mueller, Signe Brokjær, Casper A. Thorup, Paula Tataru, Markus Schmid, Michael Wagner, Lars Peter Nielsen, and Andreas Schramm
期刊：Nature Communications
电缆细菌是一种厘米级长度的丝状细菌，能够通过内部的导线传导电子，从而将深层缺氧沉积物中的硫化物氧化过程与表层沉积物中的氧气还原过程耦合起来。电缆细菌的活性可诱导沉积物中的地球化学变化，其他细菌族群也可能受惠于电缆细菌与氧气的这种电连接。本文报告了多种细菌在电缆细菌呼吸氧气时会密集游动在电缆细菌的缺氧部分周围，并在电缆细菌与氧气连接中断时（通过激光切割电缆细菌）立即分散。拉曼显微镜观察表明，聚集的细菌在靠近电缆细菌时呈现更多的氧化态，但物理接触似乎很少且短暂，这表明潜在的电子转移是通过未知的可溶中间体实现的。宏基因组分析表明，大多数群集细菌似乎是需氧菌，包括有机营养菌、硫化物氧化菌，以及可能是铁氧化菌，它们可能通过将电子传递给电缆细菌进行呼吸。电缆细菌与这些不同伙伴的联系和密切互动可能解释了氧气如何通过电缆细菌影响微生物群落，以及这些需氧微生物进入缺氧环境的过程。
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（实习生叶晟晖编译）
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Fig. 1 Documentation and main properties of bacterial flocks around cable bacteria.
A Flocking bacteria attracted to a cable bacterium filament (center) (Scale bar, 10 µm). B Counts of swimming bacteria at different distances to the cable bacterium filament (960,071 counts of 3211 flocking bacteria in 12 video frames, mean distance 17.42 µm. The means of the individual samples ranged from 4.96 to 24.58 µm. C Difference in mean swimming speed of bacterial cells relative to their distance to the cable bacterium filament. The shaded blue area corresponds to a distance within 20 µm of a cable bacterium, shaded green to more than 20 µm. Welch’s two-sample t-test (two-sided) shows that the swimming speed of cells is significantly different between these two distance groups (indicated by *); p-value = 2.2e−16 (Nsamples = 11, Ncells = 2712). D Density plot of bacterial cell sizes from all samples (n = 12), showing that the majority of interacting cells is small. E Phase contrast images of the different cell morphologies found. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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Among animals, albatrosses are spectacularly mobile, yet the cues guiding long-distance movement across open ocean remain poorly understood. Of several candidate sensory mechanisms, including olfaction and magnetoreception, none provide sufficient explanation for the ability of albatrosses to find prey and anticipate atmospheric conditions optimal for energy-efficient flight. We investigated whether microbarom infrasound, sound below 20 Hz known informally as ‘the voice of the sea’, might be used as a movement cue by albatrosses. By comparing flight trajectories of individual birds to maps of modeled microbarom infrasound in the environment, we found that albatrosses preferentially move toward regions of ’loud’ infrasound. This study provides an indication that free-ranging seabirds may use infrasound information to guide oceanic movement.
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信天翁在觅食时以次声为导向
Albatrosses orient toward infrasound while foraging
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作者：Lesley H.Thorne
期刊：PNAS
许多大型海洋脊椎动物表现出令人印象深刻的运动能力，它们在觅食或迁徙过程中行进数千公里，并且通过定向旅行反复返回特定地点。这些物种在幼年时离开出生地，经常穿越旅行于海洋盆地，并在数年后返回同一地点进行繁殖。在进行这些大范围的移动时，远洋海洋脊椎动物必须克服在高度动态且相对无特征的（缺乏固定视觉地标的）环境中导航的艰巨挑战。有效的导航对于它们的经济性移动至关重要，这不仅在长时间移动或迁徙过程中不可或缺，而且在日常活动中也是如此。它使动物能够有效地移动，以便觅食、躲避捕食者和寻找配偶。鸟类在动物导航研究中一直扮演着核心角色，但对于信天翁等远洋海鸟的导航能力的详细了解却一直难以实现。Gillies等人（2023）利用标记信天翁的数据为远洋海鸟的潜在导航线索提供了新的见解。
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（实习生刘熙茜编译）
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Fig. 3 Microbaroms, a form of infrasound produced by the collision of large ocean waves of similar frequendes traveling in opposite directions, can be detected over large distances (thousands of kilometers). Gillies et al suggest that microbaroms could provide a mechanism through which seabirds can detect stormy regions associated with large waves. The authors show that tagged wandering albatrosses orient toward regions of high microbarom sound pressure levels.
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Many large marine vertebrates show impressive movement abilities, traveling thousands of kilometers during foraging trips or migrations and returning repeatedly to a specific site using directional travel (1). These species leave their natal site as juveniles, often traveling across ocean basins and returning years later to the same site to breed (2). In undertaking these extensive movements, pelagic marine vertebrates must overcome the formidable challenge of navigating in a highly dynamic and comparatively featureless environment, without fixed visual landmarks. Effective navigation is paramount to economical movement, not just during extended movements or migrations but also day-to-day, and allows animals to move efficiently in order to forage, avoid predators, and search for mates (3, 4). Birds have played a central role in research examining animal navigation (5), but a detailed understanding of the navigational abilities of pelagic seabirds such as albatrosses has remained elusive. Gillies et al. (2023) use data from tagged albatrosses to provide new insight into potential navigational cues for pelagic seabirds (6).
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巨型须鲸起源于寒冷的南方摇篮
Giant baleen whales emerged from a cold southern cradle
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作者：James P. Rule, Ruairidh J. Duncan, Felix G. Marx, Tahlia I. Pollock, Alistair R. Evans, and Erich M.G. Fitzgerald
期刊：Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
须鲸(须鲸亚目mysticetes)，包括地球上最大的动物。针对须鲸如何达到如此巨大的体型这一问题，学术界仍然存在争议，以往的研究主要关注须鲸亚目成员体型变大的时间，而不是地点。本文中，作者描述了来自南澳大利亚的无齿须鲸化石(21.12-16.39兆年(Ma)) 。据估计，它体长9米，是中新世早期最大的须鲸亚目动物。对不同时期鲸鱼体型的分析表明，南半球的古须鲸的体型比北方同类更大。尽管南半球的标本仅占全球须鲸亚目动物化石记录的19%，但在新生代的大部分时间里，这种模式似乎一直存在。作者的发现与先前的观点形成对比，即在上新世-更新世期间发生了体型向更大的尺寸转变的单一突变，作者将其解释为冰川驱动的北半球现象。作者的研究结果强调了将南半球化石纳入宏观进化模式的重要性，尤其应考虑到南大洋环境的高生产力。
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（实习生刘熙茜编译）
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Fig. 4 Chaeomysticete mandible fragments NMV P218462 (Museums Victoria) from the Aquitanian–Burdigalian of South Australia. Left mandible apex in (a) medial and (b) lateral views, and annotated medial view (c) with symphyseal groove and measurement landmarks highlighted. Right mandibular apex in (d) medial and (e) lateral views. Measurements taken from mandibles (f) for estimation of total body length (NMV C24936 Balaenoptera acutorostrata pictured). Resulting regression (g) of log10 total body length and log10 geometric mean of the mandible apex for estimating the total length of NMV P218462. Scale bar equals 50 mm. | |
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Baleen whales (mysticetes) include the largest animals on the Earth. How they achieved such gigantic sizes remains debated, with previous research focusing primarily on when mysticetes became large, rather than where. Here, we describe an edentulous baleen whale fossil (21.12–16.39 mega annum (Ma)) from South Australia. With an estimated body length of 9 m, it is the largest mysticete from the Early Miocene. Analysing body size through time shows that ancient baleen whales from the Southern Hemisphere were larger than their northern counterparts. This pattern seemingly persists for much of the Cenozoic, even though southern specimens contribute only 19% to the global mysticete fossil record. Our findings contrast with previous ideas of a single abrupt shift towards larger size during the Plio-Pleistocene, which we here interpret as a glacially driven Northern Hemisphere phenomenon. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating Southern Hemisphere fossils into macroevolutionary patterns, especially in light of the high productivity of Southern Ocean environments.
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末次间冰期南极西部冰盖崩塌的基因组证据
Genomic evidence for West Antarctic
Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial
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作者：Sally C. Y. Lau, Nerida G. Wilson, Nicholas R. Golledge, Tim R. Naish, Phillip C. Watts, Cstarina N. S. Silva, Ira R. Cooke, A. Louise Allcock, Felix C. Mark, Katrin Linse, and Jan M. Strugnell
期刊：Science
以海洋为基础的南极西部冰盖（WAIS）被认为在未来气候轨迹下很容易发生不可逆转的崩塌，其临界点可能位于联合国《巴黎协定》所规定的1.5°至2°C的减缓变暖情景范围之内。了解过去类似温暖气候期间的冰量损失可以解决这一不确定性，包括在末次间冰期，当时全球海平面比今天高出5至10米，全球平均温度比工业化前高出0.5°至1.5°C。通过对环-南极章鱼的全基因组单核苷酸多态性分析，作者发现只有在WAIS完全崩溃的情况下，才有可能出现持久性、历史性的基因流信号。研究结果提供了首个经验证据，表明即使在严格的气候缓解情景下，也可能达到WAIS损失的临界点。
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（实习生叶晟晖编译）
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The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered vulnerable to irreversible collapse under future climate trajectories, and its tipping point may lie within the mitigated warming scenarios of 1.5° to 2°C of the United Nations Paris Agreement. Knowledge of ice loss during similarly warm past climates could resolve this uncertainty, including the Last Interglacial when global sea levels were 5 to 10 meters higher than today and global average temperatures were 0.5° to 1.5°C warmer than preindustrial levels. Using a panel of genome-wide, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of a circum-Antarctic octopus, we show persistent, historic signals of gene flow only possible with complete WAIS collapse. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that the tipping point of WAIS loss could be reached even under stringent climate mitigation scenarios.
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非法捕捞威胁着印度尼西亚未来金枪鱼商品的可持续性
Illegal fishing threatens the sustainability
of future tuna commodities in Indonesia
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作者：Alexander M.A. Khan, Ming-guo Jiang, Xiao-qiang Yang, Izza Mahdiana Apriliani, Noir Primadona Purba, Budy Wiryawan, Am Azbas Taurusman, and Buntora Pasaribu
期刊：Marine Policy
印度尼西亚的金枪鱼渔业部门在其发展中面临重大挑战，主要是由于非法、未报告和不受管制（IUU）捕捞行为导致金枪鱼资源枯竭。鉴于金枪鱼渔业对该国国内生产总值（GDP）的贡献率为2.65%，占世界金枪鱼总产量的约16%，扮演着关键和支柱性的角色，这种枯竭对印度尼西亚经济构成了重大威胁。为了突显这一威胁，本研究采用了从政府机构收集的定量数据，并辅以来自文献综述、媒体报道分析以及选取的有关印度尼西亚IUU金枪鱼捕捞行为的出版物的数据。研究指出（1）印度尼西亚的非法捕捞行为包括违背人权(强迫劳动和贩卖人口)、腐败(经济上的)和金枪鱼走私；（2）金枪鱼渔业的未报告捕捞行为包括有错误文件(误报、未记录的渔获量)；（3）金枪鱼渔业的不受管制捕捞行为包括小规模和工业捕捞船队的渔获转运。印度尼西亚执法机关之间果断的执法和积极的协调，以及渔民的参与，是通过印度尼西亚海洋政策（IOP）成功地减少和控制IUU捕捞行为的因素。实施IOP打击IUU捕捞可以对印度尼西亚的IUU捕捞模式产生变革性影响。在这里，作者综述了IUU捕捞行为的最新发展，并讨论了在印度尼西亚规范可持续金枪鱼渔业政策的机会。
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Indonesia's tuna fisheries sector encounters significant challenges in its development, primarily due to illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing practices that have led to the depletion of tuna stocks. This depletion poses a significant threat to the Indonesian economy, given the key, pivotal role that tuna fisheries play in contributing 2.65% to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and accounting for approximately 16% of the world's total tuna production. To highlight the threat, this research employs quantitative data collected from government institutions, supplemented with data from a literature review and analysis of media reports and selected publications that addressed IUU tuna fishing practices in Indonesia. It was noted that (1) illegal fishing practices in Indonesia include crimes against human rights (forced labor and human trafficking), corruption (monetary), and tuna smuggling; (2) unreported fishing practices at tuna fisheries include faulty documents (misreported, unrecorded catches); and (3) unregulated fishing practices at tuna fisheries include catch transshipments by both small-scale and industrial fishing fleets. Decisive law enforcement and active coordination among Indonesian law enforcement authorities, as well as fisher involvement, are factors for successful reduction and control of IUU fishing practices through the Indonesian Ocean Policy (IOP) in Indonesia. The implementation of the IOP to combat IUU fishing could have a transformative effect on the patterns of IUU fishing in Indonesia. Here, we review recent developments in IUU fishing practices, and discuss the opportunities to regulate sustainable tuna fisheries policies in Indonesia.
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声明：本版块为尝试性栏目，旨在传播分享最新科研动态。中文翻译仅供参考，中英文若有不符之处，请以英文为准。如有不妥之处，请联系 imber@ecnu.edu.cn 进行订正或要求撤稿。
Disclaimer: This column is a new trial to share cutting-edge research with wider academic community. The Chinese is not an official translation, while the English is invoked from original publication. If there is anything inappropriate, please contact imber@ecnu.edu.cn to correct us or request for a retraction.
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各类会议资源
Events, Webinars and Conferences
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2024年海洋社会-生态系统研讨会（MSEAS-2024）将于 6月3至7日 在日本横滨举行
Marine Socio-Ecological Systems Symposium 2024 (MSEAS-2024), 3-7 June, Yokohama, Japan
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发展机会
Jobs and Opportunities
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