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Happy Black History Month! This February, we’d like to shine a spotlight on arguably one of the biggest contributions to public health, from someone born and raised right here in Virginia. You may have heard her name before, but did you know her legacy still actively shapes our research to this day?
Meet Mrs. Henrietta Lacks, born in Roanoke, Virginia in 1920. While living in Maryland at the age of 31, Mrs. Lacks sought treatment at Johns Hopkins University - one of the only hospitals treating Black patients at the time. During her visit, doctors discovered a large malignant tumor located on her cervix and diagnosed her with terminal cervical cancer. A tissue sample from the tumor was collected and sent for analysis by a prominent cancer researcher (without her awareness or consent). Unlike every other tissue sample that eventually perished outside of the body, Ms. Lacks' cells didn’t die. Rather, they continued to multiply exponentially, doubling about every 24 hours. These cells were nicknamed “HeLa” cells after Henrietta Lacks and were shared widely among the medical community. While these cells would live on for decades to come, Mrs. Lacks passed only a few months later in 1951.
Most recently, HeLa cells have been used to better understand the COVID-19 virus, SARS-COV-2. While trying to study the virus in a lab setting, researchers noticed it wasn’t infecting HeLa cells very successfully. This prompted further studies, leading them to the discovery of the binding molecule used by the virus to attach and self-replicate within cells. Received a COVID-19 vaccine? Used a therapeutic treatment like Paxlovid or Evusheld when sick with COVID-19? You have Mrs. Henrietta Lacks to thank!
Though her cells have become the foundation for most research since, neither Mrs. Lacks nor her family had any say over how her cells were used or when her private medical history was shared until very recently. They also never received compensation after companies profited for years from her cells. Recently, though, her hometown of Roanoke, VA elected to construct a statue of Mrs. Lacks in recognition of her contribution to public health throughout history.
To learn more about Ms. Lacks and her contributions to medicine and public health, visit the Henrietta Lacks Foundation website.
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